Liquid-meter.



EFG. BAILEY.

LIQUID METER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.8. 1914.

Patented Oct. 23, 1917:

2 SHEETS SHEET I E. e; B AILEY.

" LIQUID METER.

APPLICATIONFILED SEPT-8,1914.

Patented Oct 23,1917

2 $HEETSSHEET 2 F If '1?" rim T n strung r i on lac-i ERVEN" G. BAEL'EE', G lklE'W 301*? HIGHLANDS, MASSAilHUET'EE, ASSIGNOR '10 BAILEY I EdETE-Zt (EQMPfiIhli-I A (JORPUBATEDN 0F IVIAESACHUS'ETTS.

' LIQEUIDQNZETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Got. 23, 1917'.

Application filed September 8, 1914-. Serial No. 860,791

To all whom it may cancer/t;

citizen of the United States, residin%{ in Newton Highlands, in the county of iriddlcsex and State of hlassschusetts, have in vented an improvement in Liquid-hfleters, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

The present invention relates to a liquid meter which is particularly adapted for use in measuring the rate of flow of liquids through weir notches, orifices and other such apertures which have a restricted dis charge and in which the rate of flow of the liquid. varies in a known relation to the level of the. surface of the liquid on the upstream side of the aperture.

The invention is embodied in an instrument which is adapted to respond in its action to changes in the level of a liquid, and

which, in cases in which the factor to be measured is not directly proportional tothe change in level, is also adapted to integrate the reading automatically without the intervention of any complicated mechanism be--' tween the parts which are directly acted upon by the rise and fall of the liquid and the parts which indicate the final result.

In the meter-embodying the present in vention the indicating, recording or into grating device is made to more in any de sired relation to the changes in the level of the liquid (WltllOUi) using; mechanical d.. vices, such as cums, gears or the li so that the instrument is substantially S AlLl/lCDlGSS in its operation. Furthermore, the instrument is also capable auixnnctically and accurately correcting for changes in density of the liquid at all rates of iiow.

The instrument is provided with a container for liquid, and two displacino" members extending into the liquid and pivotally connected to a beam, by means of rigid connectors, so that the weights of the tWo displacing members produce opposing moments of force about a common axis. The relative moment arms, and horizontal cross sectional areas of the displacing members at the surface of t e liq id are such that changes in the level of the liquid tend to produce unequal changes in moment efiect due to buoyancy of the liquid upon the two displacing members. The moments are eventually equalized in response to motion ot' the displacing members so that one displacing member becomes more deeply submerged than the other, for equal or proportional volumes of. submersion. By properly shaping one displacing member with, re spect to the other, relative motions of the displacing members can be made to be directly proportional to the rate of flow of liquid through any aperture, such as a V notch. Rigid connectors are employed to connect the lye-am with the displacing memhere since it is very important that there should be no "variation in the vertical dis-.

tance between the beam and the displacing members. The simplest form of the device will automatically correct for changes in density of the liquid. and give results directly proportional to the actual volume of liquid flowing. By having one displacing member suitably shaped and in a communicating; vessel in which the liquid is maintained at a substantially constant density, the instrument will automati ally correct for changes in density and show substair tiully correct results on a weight basis.

There are many modifications of the present invention. which may be used for various purposes and l have selected only a few for the purpose of illustration.

. Figure 1 a side elevation of a liquid meter embodying the invention with the liquid receptacle shown in vertical section; andl igs. 2 and 3 are similar views show ing modifications.

at 7 over the obstructed liquid. In order to actuate the indicator, the beam is provided with two knife. edge bearings at opposite sides of its axis on which bearings are hung new 0% liquid.

2213i natnei 7 q q nievement of use indicate-1 insieau 01 n2 P liiectly pi'npertionei e9 tile in level,

is ill such proportion as may be ise express the rate 0f flew inclicntcelbgi the level, the weinlit 01' queniii 0i llllfi llqlllfl s'l; different Till/Q 0f flew st cli levels, 0? any ell (lesiie-ii 'Wll the change in level, but net (i.

' pertioual 'iliei tu.

This is eceomplished 1 1 the ll-IlVfilIlL-IOZE, n so seeping- 1," 0" been k displucing members ll ifijl; the herizen't l izionel ares iliereef varies, thereby v y the actual buoyant effect an; clii iei'eua 0f submersicu The buoyancy of one (illS- placing in'einlien therefore, will lGEECGTYILE, wfilie liquid level changes, yres-lei" than that of she ether a e Clllffi'ffjlKk-B lieti veeii 3 mcuients 0f fierce through which and a consequent .meverneni. 0i n w The inventien may be cle plainesl b following out the opemclen.

Referring for example, to Fi l in which the instrument is arranged to -nclicuae the mile of flow of liquid through JAG-bell Weir the displacing membeii 8 is shown of larger cross-sectional area than the displeaing member 9, it being obvious liei'efcre that the liquid rises the displacing memi761 9 must be deeper in ime liquid than the displacin member 8 in ills subinerg "nluines'iuuy be equal and balanced. Since nlierci the two displacing niemiied fici'u the beam as shown member will be zneve l will relation in the displacing thereby causing 53ers sue lilie displac l 0W1]. Werii inenil a;

liquid 1e been ,i icing member were uniform s seciicml nine but smuller Ellen the 2; member the resulting movev nul l be (liree Q properiionul in e level of the liquid. nulli nmveveu ene least of the wrifible lioi'izunlel cross-secures l'lN final action on the llldlcll'lfil 6:0 suit the conditions (leinple as causing the inclipiegiwcrtinn to the rule of through a. f-match Weir Where fci' 'L in move in the rate 01" flew varies sulisle-ntielly es the A W .2 .L i newer ei ell/3 llwilbi. l i case like meticel celculstien Wliei'eey the shape of e :lieplecing lluelhbcl 9 is determined is es ollews:

lei; ii lieezl 01' height 0% he surface or" liquld 'uer and she rate 0f flew an le 0i ,c ilie above requirements in "fie law (if flow liquid ulu'eugll a if-uctcli We have equal-lent cunjereniliefiicn of equation (1) gives alececl rolumes of ihe ewe displacin imeinuei's must be equal in o-rcler to muiu A(0Zciy):a(dh+dy) cnniloining equations (2) and (3)-.We

fly Ii, the values of 3; and a may -eiieii'uinecl by means of equations (l) and 11d. the areas of the displacing member i: :13 be plcleseel, ilie altitude of the various mimeiticul values for A, be readily member 9 could be made cylindrical anal the snupe 0f ane displacing member 8 calcule'tecl iron equation (4:) equally Well, or either cliselucingg; member may be assumed $0 be any s 1 Wilelever such for example as tem equilibrium (if incineni'ns, hence equa The clisplscing member Y en nae-s ecs conical and the shave of other dis )laoing member calculated in a similar mannei:

In the foregoing; and following calcula tions the vertical motion only oil. the displacing member has been considered and not the arc; and i the recorder moves through equal angles and the chart graduations are in actual vertical hei ht of the iiovvinn:

liquid so that the instrument shown in. Fig. 1 is capable of automatically giving: a correct reading in terms of volume discharged regardless of any change in density of the liquid.

It is obvious that similar displacing incur hers may be calculated to give an indicator motion in direct proportionv to the rate of flow of liquid through other aperture such a rectangular weir, orific or even a specially designed aperture that would re salt in a rate of flow in direct proportion to the head. In calculating the shapes of such displacing mernl'iers it is only necessary to substitute the law governing the relation between rate of flow and head in equation l) and toe shape of either displacing; "11-- her may be arbitrarily assuznerh such li'or instance as cylindrical, and the shape of the other determined by calculation: In the case of a specially designed aperture which gives a rate of llOW directly proportional to the head both displacing memberscould be cylindrical, one larger than the other; It is not necessary that the moment arms should be of equal length in any case but they have been assumed to be equal in the foregoing calculations for convenience.

The instrument is also shown as provided with a weight 21 for the purpose of balancing the mechanism, and also an. int e 'rating mechanism 22 adapted to be in frictional contact with a clock driven disk 23.

If it is desired. to indicate the rate of flow of liquid through the notch in terms of Weightdnstead of volume, it is necessary-to provide the instrument with means for modifying the reading bring;- about the desired result.

In 2 1' have shown instrument adapted to meet these requirements.

Referring to the said Fig". 2, the instrument is provided with two separate tanks 10 and 12 connected together by means of a small duct 13 below the surface of the liquid,

the tank 10 being adapted to receive the liqllCl which is to be metered, and being directly behind the obstruction. The said tank is provided with inlet pipe 14; and the weir notch 15 The tank 12 is adapted to contain a liquid of substantially constant density, it being assumed that the liquid .to be measured is of variable density. In this instrument, the beam 16 which varies the in dicator 17 is pivotedover the tanks 10 and 12 at a point between them,.and the displacing members 18 and 19 extend'respectively from the. opposite ends of the beam into the liquids contained theitanks 10 and 12. r

y in the case of awater meter Where changes in density are caused almost entirely. by

changes in temperature, the coinpartment 12 may be heated or cooled to a constant temperature, or it located in a room of, substantially constant teiiaperature it may be main tained at practically a, constant temperature since there. is very littlechange in theliquid in compartment 12, owing to the fact that displacing member-19 becomes more deeply submerged as the liquidlevel rises, and vice versa. A supply of liquid of constant density may be continually added to the compartment 12, from a pipe 20 at a very low the other compartment.-

it is impossible to make an absolutely correct solution of the shapes of the displacing inemliiers that will accomplish the desired end with exact mathematical precision under all conditions of rate of How and density owing to the fact that these factors are independently variable; but by assuming one factor as a constant in a part of the calculation and later assuming another factor to rate and discharge through the duct 13 to be a constant, a very close approximation of i the desired end can be obtained owing to the fact that the absolute shape of one displacing member and the relative shape of the other admit of a wide latitude in the design.

'l he tollowing mathematical calculation al though not absolutely coryect serves to illustraie the principle invo yed,. and is sufli-m,

cicntly exact for all practical purposes. Let the same symbols i-(uiresent thesamefactors, and include'thc additional. Factor of. the ratio of densities oi the liquid in tank .12 to that in tank 10 denoted as r.

'll'hen if y, or the motion of the displacing members is to be p'rol'iortional to the weight of the liquid passing through all-notch;

v (5) y=rlrh and the diflorentiatimi of equation is:

( 6) dy grlrhidh lit-h d? equal, then the displaced volumes of liquids then by combining of 7' and and assuming. diiierent values for are inversely proportional to of the two liquids, and

the densities:

Tat. gflcli diz, as at It isnoted that this equation is'oi the same form as (4) the principal difi'eienoe being the 9" in the second term of 'the nu merator. If 9" were constam; A could vary in any desired. manner and so long as the given relation existed between a and A the desiredmotion of the displacing members would be secured. But rniay be variable and independent of the three other Vania bles It, a, and A of equation. so that a theoretically correct numerical-solution eannot be readily obtained. Regardless of how A. varies with h and i" it can be assumed as a special case that both it and 1 vary in such a manner that the displacing member 18 maintains the same depth of submersion. and then A audit-51 would have constant values. By assuming d'*".erent values for: it it is possible to oalcul a. and y and also a, so that 3 Will be directly proportional to the Weight of liquid flowing. selecting a value for the constant 0 which equals 7L-y such that the displacing member 18 is well i submerged, the variation in r can be made so great as'to calculate the required shape of the displacing member 19 throughout its entire working length:

If c-:/iy as stated above then from equation c:/ fl }fi and by transposing We have:

7t-o (9) hh equation (8} and have and by assigning suitable constant numerical. Values to A, c, and lit, and assuming various values to 71., a can be determined from equation 10) also the corresponding values 7 from equations (9) and and then knowing a and Tit-f y the shape of the displacing member 19 is fixed. The corresponding; shape 01" float 18 can then be Caloulated by trnnsposing equation (8) to read:

I 5 a 1 ki s 11 A=Li 7 it and 1 members both extending shapes of both; displacing nae-tubers are i'oie fixed. and it has been found that with such 'a device conditions are pnaetioaliy complied with, so the indicator motion s substantially direot pig'opeition iines to the Weight at a 1 sity flowin gt any irate oi. flow.

it is ohvio t? the inve tion need not he confined. to indi'eat motion directly pmportionai to the in flow, but it can be equaliy Well u :6 is is required that the motion ei the indies tor should he in any desired. i'elationto rate of flow.

It is evident from the foregoing description that the present invention. may have similar application u'iany nsefui purposes and it is not limited to the specific purposes that i: have chosen. for purgiose of illustrating the ehat'aotenand purpose of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. A liquid inst-e1" coins tion fore the iiquiol will.

rising an ohsti-uo to be in assured sait i ebstruction having WQiT-llOtGil; displacing members both oi whichextend into the obstructed liou d; pivotaily supported beam having an idicator; rigid conneeto fo ctinnecting s2 displacing; m with said eam at said beam respe sectional areas of being such rely. horizontal sn cl displacing members of flow of liquid through 2. A. iiquid. mete corn ising an. obstruo tion or the nquld be ineasureiii, said ohstiuction having WfiifflilO'tCil; two displac said Weir notch.

' ing members both of which extend into the an obstruotion for i536 liquid to be A 1 provided with means for permitting restricted flow thereof past said obstruction; two displacin the obsti'ueted L qu ci; a beam pivetaily sir ported over said liquid; and rigid connectors for connecting the said beam at opposite sides of axis with said. displacing members respeotivelv, the cross-sectional areas of the disnlacinsg ment hers at the sun-"ace of the liquid. heiii vaiiable with reiation each. other. a:

' liquid meter eoinpiiis' "Hid. of

Where iesite sides of he to g: a the said indicator a movement directly proportional to the rate intense tion for the liquid to be measured provided over said liquid; and rigid connectors connecting the said beam at opposite sides of its axis with said displacing members respectively, the horizontal cross-sectional areas of the displacing members being such that the change in buoyant effect of the said liquid on said displacing members will vary with relation to that of the liquid on the other.

5. A liquid meter comprising an obstruction for the liquid to be measured, provided with means for permitting a restricted flow thereof past said obstruction; two displacing members both extending into theobstructed liquid; a beam pivotally supported over said liquid; and rigid connectors for connecting the said beam at opposite sides of its axis with said displacing members respectively, the horizontal cross-sectional areas of said displacing members being unequal at the surface of the liquid,

6. A liquid meter comprising an obstruction having an aperture for the egress of liquid a tank located behind said obstruction to'receive the liquid to be measured; a second tank containing a liquid of substantially constant density which second tank is connected below the level of the liquid with the tank first named, the liquid in both tanks being subjected to substantially the same surface pressure; an indicating member pivotally supported over said tanks; a displacing member connected to said indicating member and extending into the body of liquid in one of said tanks; a second displacing member also connected to said indicating member and extending into the liquid in the other tank; and means whereby the effective action on one of said displacing members varies with change of level of the liquid.

7. A liquid meter comprising an obstruction to the flow of liquid provided With an aperture for egress of liquid past said obstruction; a second tank containing a liquid of substantially constant density; means whereby the height of the level of the liquid in the second tank and height of the level of the liquid governed by the obstruction are inversely proportional to their respective densities; a pivotally supported indicating member; a displacing member connected to said indicating member and extending into the body of the liquid governed by the ob struction; and a second displacing member also connected to said pivotally supported indicating member and extending into the liquid in said second tank; and means whereby the buoyant efi'ect of the liquid on said displacing members varies as the level of the liquid varies. v

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of e. BAILEY;

' two subscribing Witnesses. 

